This textbook shows how first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are used to model the growth of a population, the administration of drugs, and the mechanism by which living cells divide. The authors present linear ODEs with constant coefficients, extend the theory to systems of equations, model biological phenomena, and offer solutions to first-order autonomous systems of nonlinear differential equations using the Poincaré phase plane. They also analyze the heartbeat, nerve impulse transmission, chemical reactions, and predator–prey problems. After covering partial differential equations and evolutionary equations, the book discusses diffusion processes, the theory of bifurcation, and chaotic behavior. It concludes with problems of tumor growth and the spread of infectious diseases.


Table of Contents


Introduction

Population growth

Administration of drugs

Cell division

Differential equations with separable variables

Equations of homogeneous type

Linear differential equations of the first order

Numerical solution of first-order equations

Symbolic computation in MATLAB

Linear Ordinary Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients

Introduction

First-order linear differential equations

Linear equations of the second order

Finding the complementary function

Determining a particular integral

Forced oscillations

Differential equations of order n

Uniqueness

Systems of Linear Ordinary Differential Equations

First-order systems of equations with constant coefficients

Replacement of one differential equation by a system

The general system

The fundamental system

Matrix notation

Initial and boundary value problems

Solving the inhomogeneous differential equation

Numerical solution of linear boundary value problems

Modelling Biological Phenomena

Introduction

Heartbeat

Nerve impulse transmission

Chemical reactions

Predator–prey models

First-Order Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations

Existence and uniqueness

Epidemics

The phase plane and the Jacobian matrix

Local stability

Stability

Limit cycles

Forced oscillations

Numerical solution of systems of equations

Symbolic computation on first-order systems of equations and higher-order equations

Numerical solution of nonlinear boundary value problems

Appendix: existence theory

Mathematics of Heart Physiology

The local model

The threshold effect

The phase plane analysis and the heartbeat model

Physiological considerations of the heartbeat cycle

A model of the cardiac pacemaker

Mathematics of Nerve Impulse Transmission

Excitability and repetitive firing

Travelling waves

Qualitative behavior of travelling waves

Piecewise linear model

Chemical Reactions

Wavefronts for the Belousov–Zhabotinskii reaction

Phase plane analysis of Fisher’s equation

Qualitative behavior in the general case

Spiral waves and ? - ? systems

Predator and Prey

Catching fish

The effect of fishing

The Volterra–Lotka model

Partial Differential Equations

Characteristics for equations of the first order

Another view of characteristics

Linear partial differential equations of the second order

Elliptic partial differential equations

Parabolic partial differential equations

Hyperbolic partial differential equations

The wave equation

Typical problems for the hyperbolic equation

The Euler–Darboux equation

Visualization of solutions

Evolutionary Equations

The heat equation

Separation of variables

Simple evolutionary equations

Comparison theorems

Problems of Diffusion

Diffusion through membranes

Energy and energy estimates

Global behavior of nerve impulse transmissions

Global behavior in chemical reactions

Turing diffusion driven instability and pattern formation

Finite pattern forming domains

Bifurcation and Chaos

Bifurcation

Bifurcation of a limit cycle

Discrete bifurcation and period-doubling

Chaos

Stability of limit cycles

The Poincaré plane

Averaging

Numerical Bifurcation Analysis

Fixed points and stability

Path-following and bifurcation analysis

Following stable limit cycles

Bifurcation in discrete systems

Strange attractors and chaos

Stability analysis of partial differential equations

Growth of Tumors

Introduction

Mathematical model I of tumor growth

Spherical tumor growth based on model I

Stability of tumor growth based on model I

Mathematical model II of tumor growth

Spherical tumor growth based on model II

Stability of tumor growth based on model II

Epidemics

The Kermack–McKendrick model

Vaccination

An incubation model

Spreading in space

Answers to Selected Exercises

Index

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